Volume 1, No.1 (2009)

Motoo Ito.

As an attempt of the effects of spatial orientation and size on transient pattern-onset visual evoked potentials (VEPs), the top of vertical or horizontal stripes of black contour was binocularly presented at 0.5°under the fixation point (FP). Eight figures in Figure 1 were used. Those sizes were (1) 3cm×3cm (a,b), (2) 6×3 (c，d)，(3) 3×6 (e, f) and (4) 6×6 (g,h). VEPs were recorded referentially from inion, 5，10 and 15 cm above it (I,I5，I10,I15) for nine participants. The grand average of subtracted waves was calculated between the figure and blank (contro1) conditions. Negative (N1) (averaged peak latency: 135 ms) and positive (P2) (240 ms) waves were identified in Location I5. Two factors-ANOVAs of repeated measures were conducted for the amplitude and latency values of Location T5. Regarding the N1 amplitude，the main effects of line orientation and the interaction were not signiticant, but the main effect of size/pattem orientation was significant. According to the comparison analyses, (2)>(1) and (4)>(1) were significant. In this condition, the vertical stripes was significantly larger than the horizontal stripes. As to the results of N1 and P2 1atencies, the main effects of the line and size/pattern orientations and the interaction were not significant. Regarding the pattern orientation，although the N1 amplitudes were not significant, the P2 amplitudes showed the clear statistical difference. This result might be due to the individual difference of the participants in the present experiment.

Tetsuro TOYODA, Hiroshi MURAKAMI, Masaki ITo, Nobuo YOSHINARI, Masami HATTORI.

Functional disturbance such as masticatory， swallowing and esthetic problems follows changes of oral cavity by missing teeth. Therefore，prosthodontic treatments which replace missing teeth and the surrounding tissue with artificial device is needed to attempt the restoration of oral functions and esthetic problems.
Recently，the reliability of dental implant treatment is improving rapidly， enabling to obtain satisfying results functionally and esthetically. However，planning of dental prosthesis with implant-natural teeth connection has some difficulties and is not recommended since amount of natural tooth mobility is different from implant.
We reported the dental prosthetic treatment of a patient who had severe gagging renex with conventional plate dentures. The patient was wearing Konusdenture on the upper jaw with implants-natural teeth connection. We followed up the patient's condition after dental prosthetic treatment over a period of 6 years. Konusdenture with implants-natural teeth connection yielded good results.

Tatsuo TAMAGAWA, Keiko AOISHI, Kyoko MORIYAMA, Tomoko UNO, Tatsuro KOIDE.

Tuberculosis(TB)had been a major cause of death in Japan between 1900 and 1960. Thereafter the incidence rate had been falling dramatically but a slight increase of the rate was observed from 1997 to 1999. The
minister of Health, Labour and Welfare issued a declaration of TB emergency and health workers over the country were astonished. However the incidence rate of TB is falling again. What happened in the JAPAN strategy for TB elimination was studied.

Kaori SUEDA, Miyuki OKUDA, Makiko YAMADA.

Aim
To examine the efTbct oflow GI (glycaemic index)side dish on postplandial blood glucose leve1.

Methods
The effect oHow Gl side dish taken with rice on postplandial blood glucose level was examined in comparison with the baseline meal of rice only. The side dish examined on six healthy female students of age 21－22 years and BMl of 20.1土2.4 kg/m2 were fiber (4.8g)，vinegar(15 ml vinegar， 15，30 ml sushi vinegar)，10 g butter， soybean products (120 g soybean juice， 100，200 g soybean curd， 50 g boiled bean) and dairy products (200ml low-fat milk，120g yoghurt without sugar, 200，400mlmilk，36，72g cheese).The subJects were served white rice of 50 g carbohydrate with or without side (hh.The plasma glucose response was determined over the subsequent 2 hours after the meal･ The plasma glucose aTea above the base line (glucose AUC)was determined and as a percentage of AUC for rice only.

Results
ln comparison with the rice-only mea1 (100％glucoseAUC)，1)added food fiber, Vinegar and butter did not show any signincant difRrence in postPrandial glucose leve1， but 2)200 g soybean card showed lower glucose AUC of 54 土24％.3)Among daily products milk (200,400m1)and cheese (36,72g)decreased glucoseAUC respeetively to 74土14，57土38％ and 68土30，52土13‰4)The mixed side dish of cheese＋soy bean curd also showed significant low AUC of 62 土28％.

Discussion
Because of result 2)3)above，aceれain level of protein and fat is considered to be needed to suPpress the postprandial glucose level to a standardized oral glucose load.

Junko SHIMOMURA.

I have analyzed 11 events for the practice of health education in school festivals. The analysis shows that I can classify them into two themes; “eating-habit guidance or the prevention of obesity”and “drinking，smoking and appearances". 0n both themes I started from offering the students some common information and then graduaHy proceeded it into the practice of making students experience these habits personally. Through the process， I noticed new topics and that led me to another practice， The following is the factors in which I could put health education into the continuous practice.

• To decide themes with the information which I have obtained fiom the students visiting my school health office，or from my activity of health consultation, whieh is a function of yougo teaehers
• To coordinate the practice with students of a health-care eommittee or specialists of different types of occupation
• To find new themes I should work on through this practice and the evaluation of it

Ryoji SAKAI.

"Bullying" is a phenonmenon that has been seen for a long time in any society and by any generation, but the suicide of elementary and Junior high school students who were worried about bullying happened successively in 2006 and bullying has been taken up as a sensational social issue again (Sakai,2007).
A survey by questionnaire about bullying was conducted here in three elementary schools. The questionnaire consisted of 8 items in this report， and asked about the items in a rating scale fbr bullying experiences.The investigation object was a group of 303 people (153 boys，150 girls)ftom 4th graders to 6th graders in Aichi.
The results showed that bullying was experienced by 61.4％,with boys (73.2％)experiencing it more than girls(49.3％).ln each school year, the offending experience was about 60％in every grade.The difference was seenby consideration of “Bullying had been received" and the bullying victim of the bullying assailant's “Bully".
As for the modality of the bullying harm， it was such that “Abuse and unpleasantness were said" was followed by mental pain such as “ostracism" often, and, in addition, an immediate action such as “Beating" and “The hiding of property". lt was shown that a lot of reactions such as “Felt unpleasant"， or “Felt sorry" as examples of the bullying assailant's feelings， and feelings of conscience， regret for the other party, and
feelings that a crime had happened to harm the child.
As for feelings such as “Feelings cleared up" and “satisfaction" and “lt was thought it was satisfied"， aner bullying，it was seen in a high ratio， and bullying was being performed by many in the upper-grade as a cancellation of the frustration of stress. “lt was interesting" was expressed by a boy. However， feelings that amrm bullying are low, and it has been understood that children who think that bullying is good are few.
There were a lot of answers such as “l have experienced bullying， and the bullying was the retaliation".about the bullying act when justifying the action. Moreover,the bullying assailant feared it, saying that “There was likely to be retaliation at some time". Quite a lot of bullying assailants have shown that they werevictims of bullying before. It is understood that the bullying assailant worries though bullies and suffers， too.lt is important that parents and teachers sufficiently stem to the conflict in the bullying assailants, mind their worries and frustrations, drawing close to assailant's thinking, and understanding the pain, Such an effort wiII lead to bullying prevention.

Yuzo SATO, Katsuhiro SHIGA, Kimiko OGURJ, Yasunori MAKI， Tomoko MANZAI, Nigishi HOTTA,
Takahiko KAWAMURA, Jiro NAKAMURA，Isao OHSAWA, Hironobu KAKUTA，Shinji MARUYAMA.

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN)is known as the most fTequent complication of diabetes. However,the exact frequency of DPN in a large number of diabetic patlents is unclear, because of the lack of suitable diagnostic criteria, which are easily applied at bedside.
To investigate the epidemiological status of DPN and foot appearance abnormality in diabetics during clinical diagnosis of DPN, we performed a clinical survey on the subjective symptoms of DPN in patients with diabetes mellitus. The survey consisted of questionnaires and examinations of Achilles tendon renex (ATR)and perception of vibration and was carried out in collaboration with 117 clinics and hospitals in the Aichi Prefecture,Japan.
Data were obtained from 7,477 patients aged 61.5士12.1 years (mean土SD)，with an average duration of diabetes on 0.3士8.3 years and HbAlc levels of 7.2土1.5％.
Frequencies of loxver extremity muscle cramp and numbness were 35.0 and 18.5％，respectively, positive correlations between foot symptoms and duration of diabetes and HbAlc were detected. Frequencies of feet infections and dry, chapped skin were 32.0 and 29.1％, respectively. In addition, the frequencies of ATR absence and decreased threshold of vibration perception (1ess than 10 seconds) were 41.3 and 75.4％，
respectively，Furthermore，DPN frequency was 17.1％，as diagnosed by simplifled Diagnostic Criterion by the Japanese Study Group on Diabetic Neuropathy，
These results suggest the usefulness of the“foot check sheet" for early diagnosis of DPN and treatment of diabetes.

Isao OHSAWA.

OBJECTIVE
To review the influence of health education programs on the management of individuals with diabetes mellitus through critical appraisal of published clinical studies.

METHODS
Medline search was performed for meta-analyses (systematic review)assessing the effects of health education programs on health related measurements of diabetic patients published between January, 2000 and December, 2008.

RESULTS
Thirteen articles were considered eligible for this review. Twelve papers assessed the impact of self-management education on diabetic patients， They showed improvement of glycemic control or quality of life (QOL).But the effects on glycemic control were small to modest in 5 articles and long-term influence is not fully evaluated. One paper illustrated the significant reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes through lifestyle education programs for people at high risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Although health education programs have a positive influence on glycemie control and QOL among people with diabetes， further investigation would clarify whether health education is worthwhile and what education strategy is more efficient.

Aki Akamine and Mitsuro Kida.

Similarities between stimuli affect performance on Teaction time (RT)tasks.This study examined whether similarities betweenPictures modulate stimulus-elicitedevent-related brain Potentials (ERPs)during a StoP/NoStop task in which participants had to withhold motor responses. The StoP/NOStop task is a relatively novel method of assessing discriminative RTs，in which participants are asked to withhold a motor response to a Particular stimulus (Stoo trials)，but to respond to all other stimuli (NoStop trials).Stimulus similarity was manipulated by varying the perceptual similarity between the Stop stimuli and the NoStop stimuli. ERPs for Stop stimuli were recorded during both low- and high-similarity conditions. These new data were analyzed along with data previously collected during a medium-similarity experiment (Akamine & Kida, 2006). The Stop stimuli elicited a large centra1-Parietal dominant positivexvave(late P3)，with a peak latency of about 400－550 ms. Late P3 1ateney significantly increased as a function of stimulus similarity, but amplitude did not change. This component closely resembles the NOGO P3， which is related to response inhibition. Difficulties in discriminating between the stimuli would cause a delay in the inhibition of responses to the Stop stimuli. In addition，RTs for NoStoP stimuli increased as a function of stimulus similarity. These results suggest that the stimulus processing that is required if a motor response is to be withheld might have a reciprocal relationship with response execution in a discriminative RT task.

Shingo SABURI.

It has been shown that the symmetric part of the visibility for the combination of character and background colors is almost based on the configuration in the dimensionally shrunk or expanded YUV color space and that its skew-symmetric part is relatively small by a preceding study using a maximum likelihood (ML) asymmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS). But these findings were based on the data consisted of only eight basic colors. Therefore the examination of the data with larger number of colors is needed. As a preparatory report for the
large data collection，we collected the data composed of partial combinations of the six different colors from those in the preceding study, and analyzed them by an ML symmetric MDS，and examined the result in light of the preceding study.